Sumi-e (墨絵) is a traditional Japanese art form that emphasizes simplicity, balance, and the essence of the subject. It evolved from Chinese ink-wash painting (水墨画) and was deeply influenced by Zen Buddhism. Sumi-e uses black ink, water, and brush techniques to create dynamic and expressive artworks.

Japanese art style Ukiyo-e (浮世絵), meaning “pictures of the floating world,” is a genre of Japanese art that flourished during the Edo period.

Xieyi (Hsieh yi, 寫意) is a traditional Chinese painting style that emphasizes expressiveness and spontaneity rather than meticulous detail. The term “xieyi” literally translates to “writing ideas” or “sketching thoughts,” which reflects its focus on capturing the spirit or essence of the subject rather than its realistic appearance. 

Gongbi (工笔) is a traditional Chinese painting technique characterized by its meticulous and highly detailed brushwork. The term “gongbi” literally means “skillful brush,” reflecting the precision and discipline required to execute this style.